最近的燕窝查出过高的亚硝酸盐，看看百度如何说：
"亚硝酸盐
亚硝酸盐，一类无机化合物的总称。主要指亚硝酸钠，亚硝酸钠为白色至淡黄色粉末或颗粒状，味微咸，易溶于水。外观及滋味都与食盐相似，并在工业、建筑业中广为使用，肉类制品中也允许作为发色剂限量使用。由亚硝酸盐引起食物中毒的机率较高。食入0.3～0.5克的亚硝酸盐即可引起中毒甚至死亡。
Nitrite（缩写：NIT）
亚硝酸盐，俗称“硝盐”，亚硝酸盐类食物中毒又称肠原性青紫病、紫绀症、乌嘴病，主要指亚硝酸钠和亚硝酸钾，是一种白色不透明结晶的化工产品，形状极似食盐。工业盐（又称私盐）因系由化工原料加工制成，含有大量的亚硝酸盐。为白色至淡黄色粉末或颗粒状，味微咸，易溶于水。外观及滋味都与食盐相似，并在工业、建筑业中广为使用，肉类制品中也允许作为发色剂限量使用。由亚硝酸盐引起食物中毒的机率较高。食入0.3～0.5克的亚硝酸盐即可引起中毒甚至死亡。
硝酸盐亚硝酸盐同时还是一种致癌物质，据研究，食道癌与患者摄入的亚硝酸盐量呈正相关性，亚硝酸盐的致瘤机理是:在胃酸等环境下亚硝酸盐与食物中的仲胺、叔胺和酰胺等反应生成强致癌物N一亚硝胺。亚硝胺还能够透过胎盘进入胎儿体内，对胎儿有致崎作用。6个月以内的婴儿对亚硝酸盐特别敏感，临床上患“高铁血红蛋白症”的婴儿即是食用亚硝酸盐或硝酸盐浓度高的食品引起的，症状为缺氧，出现紫绀，甚至死亡，因此欧盟规定亚硝酸盐严禁用于婴儿食品。亚硝酸盐中毒发病急速，一般潜伏期1一3小时，中毒的主要特点是由于组织缺氧引起的紫绀现象，如口唇、舌尖、指尖青紫，重者眼结膜、面部及全身皮肤青紫。头晕、头疼、乏力、心跳加速嗜睡或烦躁、呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻，严重者昏迷、厥、大小便失禁，可因呼吸衰竭而死亡
作为防腐剂而应用在肉质食品里的亚硝酸盐一直被认为是致癌物，但是美国国家卫生研究院的科学家近日却发现，这种致癌物能制作成药物，用来治疗镰状细胞血症和心脏病等多种疾病，这一发现令人瞠目结舌。
100年来，科学家认为亚硝酸盐没有任何益处，但是今天，科学家却发现了它的价值所在。据美国全波广播公司9月5日报道，在研究一种与亚硝酸盐相关的化合物——氧化一氮时，马克T格拉德温博士和心脏病专家理查德-坎农博士意外发现了亚硝酸盐的药用价值。氧化一氮可以扩张血管，进而增加血液流量，但无法用作药物。不过，经常被用作食品防腐剂的亚硝酸盐却有着和氧化一氮相似的功效，而且可以入药，所以两位科学家想到了亚硝酸盐。
随后，科学家进行了临床试验。他们给健康的志愿者注入微量亚硝酸盐，结果志愿者体内血液流量增加了两倍，而当志愿者运动时，体内的亚硝酸盐含量马上直线下降，说明身体正在积极使用亚硝酸盐。所以，科学家认为，亚硝酸盐可以用作药物，用来治疗镰状细胞血症、心脏病、脑动脉瘤等和血液流量有关的疾病。
对此，格拉德温博士戏称说，“我们等于把人体器官当成了热狗，加入亚硝酸盐就相当于加入了保护措施，保卫心脏、肺和大脑缺氧时，细胞不会因为缺少氧气而死亡。”
毒性概述
值得注意的是，高剂量的亚硝酸盐还是会产生很大毒性。误食了亚硝酸盐会导致亚硝酸盐类食物中毒，
亚硝酸钠长期使用甚至会导致食道癌和胃癌。而且，科学家目前还缺少临床试验证明亚硝酸盐可以治疗心脏病等疾病。所以，科学家正在积极征集志愿者进行临床试验，并开始寻觅合适的药物生产商负责研发亚硝酸盐类药物。
急性中毒原因 1.将亚硝酸盐误作食盐、面碱等食用。
2.掺杂、使假。
3.投毒。
4.食用了含有大量亚硝酸盐的蔬菜，尤其是不新鲜的叶类蔬菜。
慢性中毒（包括癌变）原因
1.饮用含硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐含量高的苦井水、蒸锅水。
2.食用硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐含量较高的腌制肉制品、泡菜及变质的蔬菜。
中毒机理：
亚硝酸盐为强氧化剂，进入人体后，可使血中低铁血红蛋白氧化成高铁血红蛋白，失去运氧的功能，致使组织缺氧，出现青紫而中毒。
亚硝酸盐中毒症状 1.头痛、头晕、无力、胸闷、气短、心悸、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻及口唇、指甲、全身皮肤、粘膜紫绀等
2.全身皮肤及粘膜呈现不同程度青紫色高铁血红蛋白血症引起的紫绀。
3.严重者出现烦躁不安、精神萎靡、反应迟钝、意识丧失、惊厥、昏迷、呼吸衰竭甚至死亡。
如何通过变性血红蛋白试验检测亚硝酸盐中毒
1.取病人静脉血3~5毫升，血色呈蓝紫色。
2.离心沉淀，血浆呈淡黄色，说明蓝紫色是细胞本身异常所致。
3.摇匀后在氧气或空气中振摇15分钟，若恢复为鲜红 色则表明原蓝紫色是低铁血红蛋白被氧化所致。
4.通过以上简单的试验，基本上可作出初步判断。
亚硝酸盐中毒的抢救
1.口头医嘱：对于急性中毒事件，应先口头医嘱作常规处理，如吸氧、留取静脉通道、送检等，然后再了
亚硝酸钠解病史、检查病人，建立病历，以赢得抢救时间。切忌按常规顺序慢慢问病史、书写病历，确诊后才开始作处理往往会延误时间。
2.吸氧：食用腌制蔬菜、熟剩菜等易产生亚硝酸盐，有不法分子从工业用盐中提取的散装食盐更是亚硝酸盐的一大来源，亚硝酸盐是一种氧化剂，可使正常低铁血红蛋白氧化成高铁血红蛋白，失去输氧能力而使组织缺氧。观察所见病人面色发青，口唇紫绀，静脉血呈蓝紫色都是缺氧的表现，因此立即给予吸氧处理。
3.美蓝>亚甲蓝的应用：是亚硝酸盐中毒的特效解毒剂，能还原高铁血红蛋白，恢复正常输氧功能。用量以每公斤体重1~2mg计算。同时高渗葡萄糖可提高血液渗透压，能增加解毒功能并有短暂利尿作用。
4.对症处理：对于有心肺功能受影响的患者还应对症处理，如用呼吸兴奋剂，纠正心律失常药等。
5.营养支持：病情平稳后，给予能量合剂、维C等支持疗法。
6.洗胃：如果中毒时间短，还应及时予以洗胃处理。
常见的亚硝酸盐有亚硝酸钠和亚硝酸钾
国内有多起误将亚硝酸钠作食盐用，导致急性中毒事件的报道。治疗除及时清除毒物、吸氧外，解毒剂为亚甲蓝（美蓝），重危病人可输新鲜血200～400毫升，必要时，可考虑采用换血疗法。
亚硝酸盐的含量测定
测定准备 对大型抢救，医护人员首先要做到的一点是沉着冷静，切忌慌中出错。
由此，测定亚硝酸盐的含量是食品安全检测中非常重要的项目。
部分食品中亚硝酸盐的限量标准（以NaNO2计）
品 名 限量标准mg/kg 品 名 限量标准mg/kg
食盐（精盐）、牛乳粉 ≤2 香肠（腊肠）香肚、酱腌菜、广式腊 肉 ≤20
鲜肉类、鲜鱼类、粮食 ≤3 肉制品、火腿,肠、灌肠类 ≤30
蔬菜 ≤4 其他肉类罐头、其他腌制罐头 ≤50
婴儿配方乳粉、鲜蛋类 ≤5 西式蒸煮、烟熏火腿及罐头、西式火腿罐头 ≤70
亚硝酸盐检测仪说明：
①生活饮用水中常存有微量的亚硝酸盐不能作为测定用稀释液。
②若显色后颜色很深且有沉淀产生或很快退色变成浅黄色，说明样品中亚硝酸盐含量很高，须加大稀释倍数重新测定。
③对超标样品应进行重复实验，有条件时送实验室准确定量。
常温避光保存 有效期18个月，生产日期见包装。
附：
亚硝酸盐快速检测管 使用说明：
方法原理：按照国标GB/T 5009.33做成的速测管，与标准色卡比较定量。
操作方法
1. 食盐中亚硝酸盐的快速检测及食盐与亚硝酸盐的快速鉴别：用袋内附带小勺取食盐1平勺，加入到检测管中，加入蒸馏水或纯净水至1ml刻度处，盖上盖，将固体部分摇溶，10分钟后与标准色板对比，该色板上的数值乘上10即为食盐中亚硝酸盐的含量mg/ kg，（国标规定食盐（精盐）中亚硝酸盐的限量卫生标准应≤2 mg/kg）。当样品出现血红色且有沉淀产生或很快退色变成黄色时，可判定亚硝酸盐含量相当高，或样品本身就是亚硝酸盐。
2. 液体样品检测：直接取澄清液体样品1ml加入到检测管中，盖上盖，将试剂摇溶，10分钟后与标准色板对比，找出与检测管中溶液颜色相同的色阶，
亚硝酸盐检测该色阶上的数值即为样品中亚硝酸盐的含量mg/L（以NaNO2计）。（牛乳及豆浆也可直接检测，结果不得超过0.25mg/L ，有颜色的液体样品可加入一些活性炭脱色过滤后测定）。
3. 固体或半固体样品检测：取粉碎均匀的样品1.0g或1.0ml至10ml比色管中，加蒸馏水或去离子水（纯净水）至刻度，充分震摇后放置，
取上清液（或过滤或离心得到的上清液）1.0ml加入到检测管中，盖上盖，将试剂摇溶，10分钟后与标准色板对比，该色板上的数值乘上10即为样品中亚硝酸盐的含量mg/ kg，L（以NaNO2计）。如果测试结果超出色板上的最高值，可定量稀释后测定，并在计算结果时乘上稀释倍数（如从10ml比色管中取出1.0mL转入另一支10ml比色管中，加水至刻度，从中取1.0mL加入到检测管中测定，测试结果乘上100（倍稀释）即为样品中亚硝酸盐的含量。
尿检
介绍 某些泌尿系统存在的细菌可以将尿中蛋白质代谢产物硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐因此测定尿液中是否存在亚硝酸盐就可以快速间接的知道泌尿系细菌感染的情况作为泌尿系感染的筛查试验
临床上尿路感染发生率很高并且有时是无症状的感染在女性病人中尤其如此诊断尿路感染需做尿细菌培养需较长时间和一定条件而尿亚硝酸盐定性实验可以很快的得到结果有助于该病辅助诊断
当明显尿路感染者利用细菌能还原硝酸盐为亚硝酸盐的特性酚类偶联产生红色为阳性反应
尿亚硝酸盐阳性率取决于尿液在膀胱中存留时间大于4小时阳性率可达80％若尿路感染细菌不能使硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐或尿在膀胱停留时间较短或尿中缺乏亚硝酸盐也会产生阴性结果阳性结果提示尿中存在细菌数100000／ml以上
正常值：阴性记为(-)
临床意义 亚硝酸盐阳性结果常见于：由大肠杆菌(大肠埃希氏菌)引起的肾盂肾炎其阳性率占到总数的三分之二以上；由大肠埃希菌等
肠杆菌科等细菌引起的有症状或无症状的尿路感染
膀胱炎,菌尿症等。
尿亚硝酸盐试验阴性时并不表示没有细菌感染只是由于某些不具备还原硝酸盐能力的细菌引起的泌尿系感染不能显示阳性这类细菌有不动杆菌等非发酵菌或尿液在膀胱中未能潴留4小时以上。
注意若尿路感染细菌不能使硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐或尿在膀胱中存留较短或尿中缺乏硝酸盐也会产生阴性结果。
2、食剩的熟菜不可在高温下存放长时间后再食用。
3、勿食大量刚腌的菜，腌菜时盐应多放，至少腌至15天以上再食用；但现腌的菜，最好马上就吃，不能存放过久，腌菜时选用新鲜菜。
4、不要在短时间内吃大量叶菜类蔬菜，或先用开水焊5分钟，弃汤后再烹调。
5、肉制品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐用量要严格按国家卫生标准规定，不可多加。
6、苦井水勿用于煮粥，尤其勿存放过夜。
7、防止错把亚硝酸盐当食盐或碱面用。
亚硝酸盐来源
1、食物中作为发色剂和防腐剂的亚硝酸盐。
2、从食物中添加的硝酸盐转化而来。
3、蔬菜，尤其是从不新鲜的蔬菜中转化而来。
亚硝酸盐食用过多处理方法
1、补充液体，尤其是开水或其它透明的液体；
2、补充因上吐下泻所流失的电解质，如钾、钠及葡萄糖；
3、避免制酸剂；
4、先别止泻，让体内毒素排出之后再向医生咨询；
5、毋须催吐
6、饮食要清淡，先食用容易消化的食物，避免容易刺激胃的食品 。
鉴于以上原因，国家对食品中的亚硝酸盐残留制定了严格的限量标准，但由于高浓度的亚硝酸盐不仅可改善肉制品的感观色泽，还可大大缩短肉制品的加工时间，因此肉制品亚硝酸盐超标的现象较为普遍。甚至少数不法经营者以病死猪肉先经过双氧水浸泡漂白，然后再添加大量的亚硝酸盐，最后经过加工而达到正常肉制品的色泽效果；还有添加大量亚硝酸盐的腊肉只要经过一夜熏烤就可以达到正常熏烤十几天的色泽和硬度，而且“格外光鲜”。
如何减少亚硝酸盐和亚硝基化合物的摄入
•多吃新鲜的蔬菜和肉类。
•低温保存食物，以减少蛋白质分解和亚硝酸盐生成。
•少吃或不吃腌腊制品、酸菜。
•不吃腌制时间在24小时之内的咸菜。
•胡椒和辣椒等调味品与盐分开包装。
•经常暴晒粮食，让亚硝基化合物分解。
•不喝长时间煮熬的蒸锅剩水。
可以阻断亚硝基化合物合成的食物：
•含维生素C和维生素E丰富的蔬菜水果。
•大蒜、茶叶。
•食醋。
百度百科中的词条内容仅供参考，如果您需要解决具体问题（尤其在法律、医学等领域），建议您咨询相关领域专业人士。
亚硝酸盐_百度百科】','亚硝酸盐，一类无机化合物的总称。主要指亚硝酸钠，亚硝酸钠为白色至淡黄色粉末或颗粒状，味微咸，易溶于水。外观及滋味都与食盐相似，并在工业、建筑业中广为使用亚硝酸盐."
Wednesday 29 September 2010
Monday 13 September 2010
What is the Permissible Limits of Heavy Metals in Edible Birdnest?
Do you know the permissible limits of heavy metals in edible birdnest?
To answer the question, fisrt must ask where are these heavy metals from?
Heavy metals exist in uncontrolled environment. If you were to spray insecticide in your farms, you will probably contaminated the nests with mercury and lead as pesticide contained these chemicals. If the nests do not clean thoroughly, small amount of arsenic with be detected due to arsenic present in the feather.
The permissible limits of ;mercury 0.5ppm, arsenic 5ppm, copper 150ppm, and lead 20ppm
To answer the question, fisrt must ask where are these heavy metals from?
Heavy metals exist in uncontrolled environment. If you were to spray insecticide in your farms, you will probably contaminated the nests with mercury and lead as pesticide contained these chemicals. If the nests do not clean thoroughly, small amount of arsenic with be detected due to arsenic present in the feather.
The permissible limits of ;mercury 0.5ppm, arsenic 5ppm, copper 150ppm, and lead 20ppm
Sunday 12 September 2010
How to establish a good practice of cleaning process for edible birdnest EBN?
Do you wonder how to process an edible birdnest? If you have question of knowing the procedure, congratulation to you for your awareness in what you eat.
Practically, birdnest divided into two type;cave nest and house nest.
Cave nests are those nests harvested from the cave within a certain time frame(twice in a year or so), and house nest harvested in the bird premises are periodically(two week once and so on).
What is it so particular about harvesting time?
1. They are a lot of insects and microbes presented in the caves that contaminate the nest.
2. Some cave with rich minerals like iron will oxidised birdest with the present of humidity. The most common phenomenon is to turn the nest into red colour, that is what people used to name them as "blood nest". It fetch high price in the market due to legendary story of it. But would you like to have one in your stomach?(some unwanted ferrous oxide and minerals that is toxic).
So, is the house nest safe?
Yes, if you are a knowledgeable farmer.
Don't ever try to spray insecticide into your "food grade" farm. Insecticide contains mercury and lead, if you apply them into your farm , you are probably induce heavy metals to contaminated your nests.
The best solution now is to clean the farm regularly and applying beneficial microorganism .You may logon to http://www.em2enzyme.com for detail.
Practically, birdnest divided into two type;cave nest and house nest.
Cave nests are those nests harvested from the cave within a certain time frame(twice in a year or so), and house nest harvested in the bird premises are periodically(two week once and so on).
What is it so particular about harvesting time?
1. They are a lot of insects and microbes presented in the caves that contaminate the nest.
2. Some cave with rich minerals like iron will oxidised birdest with the present of humidity. The most common phenomenon is to turn the nest into red colour, that is what people used to name them as "blood nest". It fetch high price in the market due to legendary story of it. But would you like to have one in your stomach?(some unwanted ferrous oxide and minerals that is toxic).
So, is the house nest safe?
Yes, if you are a knowledgeable farmer.
Don't ever try to spray insecticide into your "food grade" farm. Insecticide contains mercury and lead, if you apply them into your farm , you are probably induce heavy metals to contaminated your nests.
The best solution now is to clean the farm regularly and applying beneficial microorganism .You may logon to http://www.em2enzyme.com for detail.
What is TPC in Birdnest Analysis Report?
What is TPC?
TPC means Total Plate Count. This test method is to identify numbers of microbes present in the test sample. The microbes tested are E coli, Staplococcus aureus,yeast,mould,Salmonella spp...The minimum quantity of the above microbes are 1.0 x 100000/g.
How is the microbes formed?
Due the the nature of edible birdnest, the rich amino acids propagate microbes to grow with the presence of high humidity of 15%. The numbers grow tremendously overnight, most often than not,you can see black mould form on the cleaned nest. The general practice is to apply preservative to stop the microbes from growing. But applying preservative means apply toxic to our food, will you like to eat something rojak ,expensive and harmful to your health?
We have to look into the birdnest cleaning process to produce the best quality of birdnest. For cleaning process , you may logon to http://www.qqbirdnest.com
TPC means Total Plate Count. This test method is to identify numbers of microbes present in the test sample. The microbes tested are E coli, Staplococcus aureus,yeast,mould,Salmonella spp...The minimum quantity of the above microbes are 1.0 x 100000/g.
How is the microbes formed?
Due the the nature of edible birdnest, the rich amino acids propagate microbes to grow with the presence of high humidity of 15%. The numbers grow tremendously overnight, most often than not,you can see black mould form on the cleaned nest. The general practice is to apply preservative to stop the microbes from growing. But applying preservative means apply toxic to our food, will you like to eat something rojak ,expensive and harmful to your health?
We have to look into the birdnest cleaning process to produce the best quality of birdnest. For cleaning process , you may logon to http://www.qqbirdnest.com
Friday 10 September 2010
Sunday 5 September 2010
MSDS of Sodium Nitrite
MSDS Number: S4466 * * * * * Effective Date: 08/20/08 * * * * * Supercedes: 12/04/05
SODIUM NITRITE
1. Product Identification
Synonyms: Nitrous acid, sodium salt CAS No.: 7632-00-0 Molecular Weight: 69.00 Chemical Formula: NaNO2 Product Codes: J.T. Baker: 3780, 3782 Mallinckrodt: 7824
2. Composition/Information on Ingredients Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous
--------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------
Sodium Nitrite 7632-00-0 97 - 100% Yes
3. Hazards Identification
Emergency Overview -------------------------- DANGER! STRONG OXIDIZER. CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE. HEAT, SHOCK, OR CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE OR EXPLOSIVE DECOMPOSITION. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Health Rating: 2 - Moderate (Poison) Flammability Rating: 0 - None Reactivity Rating: 3 - Severe (Oxidizer) Contact Rating: 2 - Moderate (Life) Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES & SHIELD; LAB COAT & APRON; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES Storage Color Code: Yellow (Reactive) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Potential Health Effects ---------------------------------- Inhalation: Toxic. Causes irritation to the respiratory tract and systemic poisoning with symptoms paralleling ingestion. Ingestion: Toxic. Can irritate the mouth, esophagus, stomach, etc. Excessive amounts effect the blood and blood vessels. Signs and symptoms of nitrite poisoning include intense cyanosis, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, collapse, spasms of abdominal pain, rapid heart beat, irregular breathing, coma, convulsions, and death due to circulatory collapse. Estimated lethal dose 1 to 2 grams. Skin Contact: Causes irritation, redness and pain. May be absorbed through the skin causing systemic poisoning; symptoms may parallel ingestion. Eye Contact: Causes irritation, redness, and pain. Chronic Exposure: Repeated exposure through any route may cause symptoms similar to acute toxicity. Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: No information found.
4. First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention. Ingestion: Induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention. Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention if irritation develops. Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately.
5. Fire Fighting Measures
Fire: Not combustible, but substance is a strong oxidizer and its heat of reaction with reducing agents or combustibles may cause ignition. Increases the flammability of any combustible material. Explosion: Contact with oxidizable substances may cause extremely violent combustion. May explode when heated to 537C (1000F) or on severe impact or on contact with cyanides, ammonium salts, cellulose, lithium, potassium plus ammonia, and sodium thiosulfate. Fire Extinguishing Media: Water or water spray in early stages of fire. Foam may also be used, but avoid the use of multi-purpose dry chemical fire extinguishers where contact with sodium nitrite may occur. Water streams may scatter molten material. Special Information: In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Decomposition of sodium nitrite may leave a caustic residue.
6. Accidental Release Measures
Remove all sources of ignition. Ventilate area of leak or spill. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in Section 8. Spills: Clean up spills in a manner that does not disperse dust into the air. Use non-sparking tools and equipment. Reduce airborne dust and prevent scattering by moistening with water. Pick up spill for recovery or disposal and place in a closed container. US Regulations (CERCLA) require reporting spills and releases to soil, water and air in excess of reportable quantities. The toll free number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is (800) 424-8802.
7. Handling and Storage
Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against physical damage and moisture. Isolate from any source of heat or ignition. Avoid storage on wood floors. Separate from incompatibles, combustibles, organic or other readily oxidizable materials. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.
8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Airborne Exposure Limits: None established. Ventilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures as low as possible. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details. Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): For conditions of use where exposure to dust or mist is apparent and engineering controls are not feasible, a particulate respirator (NIOSH type N95 or better filters) may be worn. If oil particles (e.g. lubricants, cutting fluids, glycerine, etc.) are present, use a NIOSH type R or P filter. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Skin Protection: Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact. Eye Protection: Use chemical safety goggles and/or full face shield where dusting or splashing of solutions is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: White or yellowish-white crystalline granules. Odor: Odorless. Solubility: 85.2 g/100 g water @ 20C (68F) Density: 2.17 pH: 9.0 Aqueous solution % Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F): 0 Boiling Point: > 320C (> 608F) Melting Point: 271C (520F) Vapor Density (Air=1): No information found. Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): No information found. Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1): No information found.
10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability: This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature. Material slowly oxidizes to sodium nitrate when exposed to air. Very hygroscopic. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Oxides of nitrogen. Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur. Incompatibilities: Reacts vigorously with reducing materials and is incompatible with many substances including ammonium salts, cellulose, cyanides, lithium, potassium plus ammonia, sodium thiosulfate, aminoguanide salts, butadiene, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, reducants, sodium amide, sodium disulphite, sodium thiocyanate, urea, wood and organic matter. Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flame, ignition sources, shock, friction, incompatibles.
11. Toxicological Information
Oral rat LD50: 180 mg/kg; inhalation rat LC50: 5500 ug/m3; irritation: eye rabbit: 500 mg/24H mild. Investigated as a tumorigen, mutagen, reproductive effector. --------\Cancer Lists\------------------------------------------------------
---NTP Carcinogen---
Ingredient Known Anticipated IARC Category
------------------------------------ ----- ----------- -------------
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) No No None
12. Ecological Information
Environmental Fate: No information found. Environmental Toxicity: 96 Hr LC50 rainbow trout (juvenile):0.19 mg/L (flow-through) Dangerous to the environment. Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
13. Disposal Considerations
Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be handled as hazardous waste and sent to a RCRA approved waste facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.
14. Transport Information
Domestic (Land, D.O.T.) ----------------------- Proper Shipping Name: SODIUM NITRITE Hazard Class: 5.1, 6.1 UN/NA: UN1500 Packing Group: III Information reported for product/size: 12KG International (Water, I.M.O.) ----------------------------- Proper Shipping Name: SODIUM NITRITE Hazard Class: 5.1, 6.1 UN/NA: UN1500 Packing Group: III Information reported for product/size: 12KG
15. Regulatory Information
--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\---------------------------------
Ingredient TSCA EC Japan Australia
----------------------------------------------- ---- --- ----- ---------
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) Yes Yes Yes Yes
--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\---------------------------------
--Canada--
Ingredient Korea DSL NDSL Phil.
----------------------------------------------- ----- --- ---- -----
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) Yes Yes No Yes
--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\----------------
-SARA 302- ------SARA 313------
Ingredient RQ TPQ List Chemical Catg.
----------------------------------------- --- ----- ---- --------------
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) No No Yes No
--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\----------------
-RCRA- -TSCA-
Ingredient CERCLA 261.33 8(d)
----------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) 100 No No
Chemical Weapons Convention: No TSCA 12(b): No CDTA: No
SARA 311/312: Acute: Yes Chronic: No Fire: Yes Pressure: No
Reactivity: Yes (Pure / Solid)
Australian Hazchem Code: 1[T] Poison Schedule: S5 WHMIS: This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.
16. Other Information
NFPA Ratings: Health: 2 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 1 Other: Oxidizer Label Hazard Warning: DANGER! STRONG OXIDIZER. CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE. HEAT, SHOCK, OR CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE OR EXPLOSIVE DECOMPOSITION. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. Label Precautions: Keep from contact with clothing and other combustible materials.Store in a tightly closed container.Remove and wash contaminated clothing promptly.Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing.Avoid breathing dust.Use with adequate ventilation.Wash thoroughly after handling. Label First Aid: If swallowed, induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In all cases, get medical attention. Product Use: Laboratory Reagent. Revision Information: No Changes. Disclaimer: ************************************************************************************************ Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. provides the information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS INFORMATION. ************************************************************************************************ Prepared by: Environmental Health & SafetyPhone Number: (314) 654-1600 (U.S.A.)
SODIUM NITRITE
1. Product Identification
Synonyms: Nitrous acid, sodium salt CAS No.: 7632-00-0 Molecular Weight: 69.00 Chemical Formula: NaNO2 Product Codes: J.T. Baker: 3780, 3782 Mallinckrodt: 7824
2. Composition/Information on Ingredients Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous
--------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------
Sodium Nitrite 7632-00-0 97 - 100% Yes
3. Hazards Identification
Emergency Overview -------------------------- DANGER! STRONG OXIDIZER. CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE. HEAT, SHOCK, OR CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE OR EXPLOSIVE DECOMPOSITION. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Health Rating: 2 - Moderate (Poison) Flammability Rating: 0 - None Reactivity Rating: 3 - Severe (Oxidizer) Contact Rating: 2 - Moderate (Life) Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES & SHIELD; LAB COAT & APRON; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES Storage Color Code: Yellow (Reactive) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Potential Health Effects ---------------------------------- Inhalation: Toxic. Causes irritation to the respiratory tract and systemic poisoning with symptoms paralleling ingestion. Ingestion: Toxic. Can irritate the mouth, esophagus, stomach, etc. Excessive amounts effect the blood and blood vessels. Signs and symptoms of nitrite poisoning include intense cyanosis, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, collapse, spasms of abdominal pain, rapid heart beat, irregular breathing, coma, convulsions, and death due to circulatory collapse. Estimated lethal dose 1 to 2 grams. Skin Contact: Causes irritation, redness and pain. May be absorbed through the skin causing systemic poisoning; symptoms may parallel ingestion. Eye Contact: Causes irritation, redness, and pain. Chronic Exposure: Repeated exposure through any route may cause symptoms similar to acute toxicity. Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: No information found.
4. First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention. Ingestion: Induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention. Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention if irritation develops. Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately.
5. Fire Fighting Measures
Fire: Not combustible, but substance is a strong oxidizer and its heat of reaction with reducing agents or combustibles may cause ignition. Increases the flammability of any combustible material. Explosion: Contact with oxidizable substances may cause extremely violent combustion. May explode when heated to 537C (1000F) or on severe impact or on contact with cyanides, ammonium salts, cellulose, lithium, potassium plus ammonia, and sodium thiosulfate. Fire Extinguishing Media: Water or water spray in early stages of fire. Foam may also be used, but avoid the use of multi-purpose dry chemical fire extinguishers where contact with sodium nitrite may occur. Water streams may scatter molten material. Special Information: In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Decomposition of sodium nitrite may leave a caustic residue.
6. Accidental Release Measures
Remove all sources of ignition. Ventilate area of leak or spill. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in Section 8. Spills: Clean up spills in a manner that does not disperse dust into the air. Use non-sparking tools and equipment. Reduce airborne dust and prevent scattering by moistening with water. Pick up spill for recovery or disposal and place in a closed container. US Regulations (CERCLA) require reporting spills and releases to soil, water and air in excess of reportable quantities. The toll free number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is (800) 424-8802.
7. Handling and Storage
Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against physical damage and moisture. Isolate from any source of heat or ignition. Avoid storage on wood floors. Separate from incompatibles, combustibles, organic or other readily oxidizable materials. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.
8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Airborne Exposure Limits: None established. Ventilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures as low as possible. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details. Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): For conditions of use where exposure to dust or mist is apparent and engineering controls are not feasible, a particulate respirator (NIOSH type N95 or better filters) may be worn. If oil particles (e.g. lubricants, cutting fluids, glycerine, etc.) are present, use a NIOSH type R or P filter. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Skin Protection: Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact. Eye Protection: Use chemical safety goggles and/or full face shield where dusting or splashing of solutions is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: White or yellowish-white crystalline granules. Odor: Odorless. Solubility: 85.2 g/100 g water @ 20C (68F) Density: 2.17 pH: 9.0 Aqueous solution % Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F): 0 Boiling Point: > 320C (> 608F) Melting Point: 271C (520F) Vapor Density (Air=1): No information found. Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): No information found. Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1): No information found.
10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability: This material is stable in closed containers at room temperature. Material slowly oxidizes to sodium nitrate when exposed to air. Very hygroscopic. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Oxides of nitrogen. Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur. Incompatibilities: Reacts vigorously with reducing materials and is incompatible with many substances including ammonium salts, cellulose, cyanides, lithium, potassium plus ammonia, sodium thiosulfate, aminoguanide salts, butadiene, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, reducants, sodium amide, sodium disulphite, sodium thiocyanate, urea, wood and organic matter. Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flame, ignition sources, shock, friction, incompatibles.
11. Toxicological Information
Oral rat LD50: 180 mg/kg; inhalation rat LC50: 5500 ug/m3; irritation: eye rabbit: 500 mg/24H mild. Investigated as a tumorigen, mutagen, reproductive effector. --------\Cancer Lists\------------------------------------------------------
---NTP Carcinogen---
Ingredient Known Anticipated IARC Category
------------------------------------ ----- ----------- -------------
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) No No None
12. Ecological Information
Environmental Fate: No information found. Environmental Toxicity: 96 Hr LC50 rainbow trout (juvenile):0.19 mg/L (flow-through) Dangerous to the environment. Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
13. Disposal Considerations
Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be handled as hazardous waste and sent to a RCRA approved waste facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.
14. Transport Information
Domestic (Land, D.O.T.) ----------------------- Proper Shipping Name: SODIUM NITRITE Hazard Class: 5.1, 6.1 UN/NA: UN1500 Packing Group: III Information reported for product/size: 12KG International (Water, I.M.O.) ----------------------------- Proper Shipping Name: SODIUM NITRITE Hazard Class: 5.1, 6.1 UN/NA: UN1500 Packing Group: III Information reported for product/size: 12KG
15. Regulatory Information
--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\---------------------------------
Ingredient TSCA EC Japan Australia
----------------------------------------------- ---- --- ----- ---------
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) Yes Yes Yes Yes
--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\---------------------------------
--Canada--
Ingredient Korea DSL NDSL Phil.
----------------------------------------------- ----- --- ---- -----
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) Yes Yes No Yes
--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\----------------
-SARA 302- ------SARA 313------
Ingredient RQ TPQ List Chemical Catg.
----------------------------------------- --- ----- ---- --------------
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) No No Yes No
--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\----------------
-RCRA- -TSCA-
Ingredient CERCLA 261.33 8(d)
----------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0) 100 No No
Chemical Weapons Convention: No TSCA 12(b): No CDTA: No
SARA 311/312: Acute: Yes Chronic: No Fire: Yes Pressure: No
Reactivity: Yes (Pure / Solid)
Australian Hazchem Code: 1[T] Poison Schedule: S5 WHMIS: This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.
16. Other Information
NFPA Ratings: Health: 2 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 1 Other: Oxidizer Label Hazard Warning: DANGER! STRONG OXIDIZER. CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE. HEAT, SHOCK, OR CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE OR EXPLOSIVE DECOMPOSITION. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. Label Precautions: Keep from contact with clothing and other combustible materials.Store in a tightly closed container.Remove and wash contaminated clothing promptly.Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing.Avoid breathing dust.Use with adequate ventilation.Wash thoroughly after handling. Label First Aid: If swallowed, induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In all cases, get medical attention. Product Use: Laboratory Reagent. Revision Information: No Changes. Disclaimer: ************************************************************************************************ Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. provides the information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS INFORMATION. ************************************************************************************************ Prepared by: Environmental Health & SafetyPhone Number: (314) 654-1600 (U.S.A.)
Chinese Government is serious about sodium nitrite in Edible Birdnest
Recently, Chines government is seriously checking on imported edible birdnest, do you know why?
Due to many cases of chemical analysis by Chinese Authority, they found cases of sodium nitrite in imported edible birdnest,that's why Chinese government is seriously looking into the issues.
Recently many of our Malaysia Exporter of edible birdnest faced rejection by Chinese Government. If the issues were to drag on, we will be seriously facing big problems. Farmers will not be able to recover their investment and prospect is low. We have to find remedy immediately to counter this serious problems.
What exactly is Sodium Nitrite NaNO2? How is it formed?
Sodium nitrite
Molecular Formula: NaNO2
MolecularWeight: 69.00
Properties:
It is white or light yellow rhombic of monoclinic crystals. It is easily soluble in water and has strong groscopicity.
Uses:As mordant agent, bleaching agent, corrosion inhibitor, antitoxic and analytical agent It also used as chromogen agent, preserving agent in food industry.
Due to many cases of chemical analysis by Chinese Authority, they found cases of sodium nitrite in imported edible birdnest,that's why Chinese government is seriously looking into the issues.
Recently many of our Malaysia Exporter of edible birdnest faced rejection by Chinese Government. If the issues were to drag on, we will be seriously facing big problems. Farmers will not be able to recover their investment and prospect is low. We have to find remedy immediately to counter this serious problems.
What exactly is Sodium Nitrite NaNO2? How is it formed?
Sodium nitrite
Molecular Formula: NaNO2
MolecularWeight: 69.00
Properties:
It is white or light yellow rhombic of monoclinic crystals. It is easily soluble in water and has strong groscopicity.
Uses:As mordant agent, bleaching agent, corrosion inhibitor, antitoxic and analytical agent It also used as chromogen agent, preserving agent in food industry.
Friday 3 September 2010
How is "sodium nitrite" form in edible birdnest?
Do you know why edible birdnest contains sodium nitrite?
Local university analysis report found that, birdnest contains rich sodium salt. When sodium salt react with nitrogen with the presence of moisture, naturally sodium nitrite is formed. Another method is to use ammonia gas to react with edible birdnest in the presence of high temperature. When Nitrogen particles in the ammonia gas react with sodium , a redish sodium nitrite is formed. That is how the red nest formed.
Is the sodium nitrite toxic or dangerous?
Yes, sodium nitrite is a very oxidative agent, which prevent blood from carrying oxygen to our body. It is reported that it may cause cancer too. The sympton of consumed birdnest is blue lip and pale face....
http:www.qqbirdnest.com
Local university analysis report found that, birdnest contains rich sodium salt. When sodium salt react with nitrogen with the presence of moisture, naturally sodium nitrite is formed. Another method is to use ammonia gas to react with edible birdnest in the presence of high temperature. When Nitrogen particles in the ammonia gas react with sodium , a redish sodium nitrite is formed. That is how the red nest formed.
Is the sodium nitrite toxic or dangerous?
Yes, sodium nitrite is a very oxidative agent, which prevent blood from carrying oxygen to our body. It is reported that it may cause cancer too. The sympton of consumed birdnest is blue lip and pale face....
http:www.qqbirdnest.com
Wednesday 1 September 2010
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